Mu gupima umuvuduko, urashobora kubona ko ibisubizo byo gupima bidahita byerekana impinduka zumuvuduko winjiza cyangwa bihuye neza mugihe igitutu gisubiye muburyo bwambere. Kurugero, mugihe ukoresheje igipimo cyubwiherero kugirango upime uburemere, sensor yikigereranyo isaba igihe cyo kumva neza no guhuza gusoma uburemere bwawe. Uwitekaigihe cyo gusubizaya sensor iganisha ku ntangiriro yamakuru ahindagurika. Iyo sensor imaze kumenyera umutwaro ikarangiza gutunganya amakuru, ibyasomwe bizerekana ibisubizo bihamye.Ntabwo ari inenge ya sensor ahubwo ni ibintu bisanzwe biranga ibikoresho byinshi byo gupima ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, cyane cyane iyo bifitanye isano nigihe cyo gutunganya amakuru no kugerwaho na leta. Iyi phenomenon irashobora kwitwa sensor hystereze.
Hystereze ni iki mu byuma byerekana ibyuma?
Sensorhysterezemubisanzwe bigaragarira mugihe habaye impinduka mubyinjira (nkubushyuhe cyangwa igitutu), kandi ibimenyetso bisohoka ntabwo bihita bikurikira impinduka zinjiye, cyangwa mugihe ibyinjijwe bisubiye muburyo bwambere, ibimenyetso bisohoka ntabwo bisubira muburyo bwambere; . Iyi phenomenon irashobora kugaragara kumurongo wa sensor iranga umurongo, aho hariho umurongo utambitse uzengurutse umurongo hagati yinjiza nibisohoka, aho kuba umurongo ugororotse. By'umwihariko, niba utangiye kongera ibyinjijwe bivuye ku gaciro runaka, ibyasohotse bya sensor nabyo biziyongera. Ariko, mugihe ibyinjijwe bitangiye kugabanuka gusubira kumurongo wambere, uzasanga ibisohoka indangagaciro zisumba izisanzwe zasohotse mugihe cyo kugabanya, gukora loop cyangwahystereze. Ibi birerekana ko mugihe cyo kwiyongera no kugabanuka, inzira imwe yinjiza ihuye nibisohoka bibiri bitandukanye, aribyo byerekana intangiriro ya hystereze.
Igishushanyo cyerekana isano iri hagati yisohoka nigitutu cyashyizwe mubikorwa byumuvuduko mugihe cyo gusaba igitutu, bigaragazwa muburyo bwa hstereze. Umurongo utambitse ugereranya sensor isohoka, naho vertical axis igereranya igitutu gikoreshwa. Umutuku utukura ugaragaza inzira aho sensor isohoka yiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera gahoro gahoro, byerekana inzira yo gusubiza kuva hasi kugera kumuvuduko mwinshi. Umurongo w'ubururu werekana ko uko igitutu gikoreshwa gitangiye kugabanuka, ibyasohotse na sensor nabyo bigabanuka, kuva kumuvuduko mwinshi ugaruka hasi, byerekana uko sensor ikora mugihe cyo gupakurura umuvuduko. Agace kari hagati yimirongo ibiri, hystereze loop, yerekana itandukaniro ryibisohoka bya sensor kurwego rumwe rwumuvuduko mugihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura, mubisanzwe biterwa numubiri wumubiri nuburyo bwimbere bwibikoresho bya sensor.
Impamvu ziterwa na Hystereze
Indwara ya hystereze muriibyuma byerekana imbaragabiterwa ahanini nibintu bibiri byingenzi, bifitanye isano ya hafi nimiterere yumubiri nuburyo bukoreshwa bwa sensor:
- Ibikoresho bya hlasterezi ya elastike Ibikoresho byose bizahinduka muburyo runaka bwo guhindagurika kwa elastike mugihe byakorewe imbaraga ziva hanze, igisubizo cyibintu bitaziguye imbaraga zikoreshwa. Iyo imbaraga zo hanze zavanyweho, ibikoresho bigerageza gusubira muburyo bwa mbere. Nyamara, uku gukira ntikuzura kubera kudahuza imiterere yimbere yimbere hamwe nimpinduka nkeya zidasubirwaho muri microstructure yimbere mugihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura inshuro nyinshi. Ibi bivamo gutinda mumyitwarire yimyitwarire mugihe gikomeza cyo gupakira no gupakurura, bizwi nkahystereze. Iyi phenomenon igaragara cyane mugushira mu bikorwaibyuma byerekana imbaraga, nkuko sensor ikenera gupima no gusubiza impinduka zumuvuduko neza.
- Ubuvanganzo Mubice byubukanishi bwumuvuduko wumuvuduko, cyane cyane birimo ibice byimuka, guterana byanze bikunze. Ubu bushyamirane bushobora guturuka kumikoranire iri muri sensor, nko kunyerera aho uhurira, kwifata, nibindi. Iyo sensor ifite umuvuduko, izi ngingo zo guterana zishobora kubangamira urujya n'uruza rwimikorere yimikorere ya sensor imbere, bigatera gutinda hagati yicyifuzo cya sensor na igitutu nyacyo. Iyo igitutu kimaze gupakururwa, imbaraga zimwe zo guterana zishobora nanone kubuza imiterere yimbere guhagarara ako kanya, bityo ikanagaragaza hystereze mugihe cyo gupakurura.
Ibi bintu byombi hamwe biganisha kumurongo wa hystereze igaragara muri sensor mugihe cyo gupakira inshuro nyinshi no gupakurura, ibintu biranga impungenge cyane mubikorwa aho bisabwa cyane kandi bisubirwamo. Kugabanya ingaruka zibi bintu bya hystereze, gushushanya neza no guhitamo ibikoresho kuri sensor ni ngombwa, kandi algorithms ya software nayo irashobora gukenerwa kugirango yishyure iyi hystereze mubisabwa.
Indwara ya hystereze muriibyuma byerekana imbaragaBiterwa nibintu bitandukanye bifitanye isano itaziguye na sensor ya physique na chimique hamwe nibikorwa byayo.
Ni ibihe bintu biganisha kuri sensor hystereze?
1. Ibikoresho
- Modulike ya Elastike: Modulike yibikoresho igena urugero rwimiterere ya elastique iyo ikoreshejwe imbaraga. Ibikoresho hamwe na moderi yo hejuru ya elastike ihindura bike, kandi nibyabohysterezebirashobora kuba munsi.
- Ikigereranyo cya Poisson: Ikigereranyo cya Poisson gisobanura ikigereranyo cyo kugabanuka kuruhande no kuramba kuramba mu bikoresho iyo bikoreshejwe imbaraga, nabyo bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire yibikoresho mugihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura.
- Imiterere yimbere: Microstructure yibikoresho, harimo imiterere ya kristu, inenge, hamwe nibisobanuro, bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire yubukorikori hamwe nibiranga hystereze.
2. Uburyo bwo gukora
- Imashini isobanutse: Ubusobanuro bwibikoresho bya sensor gutunganya bigira ingaruka kumikorere yabyo. Ibigize bifite ibisobanuro bihanitse bihuye neza, bigabanya ubushyamirane bwiyongereye hamwe nibitekerezo biterwa no kutamera neza.
- Ubusumbane bw'ubuso: Ubwiza bwo kuvura hejuru, nko gukomera hejuru, bigira ingaruka ku bunini bwo guterana amagambo, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku muvuduko wa sensor hamwe na hystereze.
- Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe igira ingaruka kumiterere yibikoresho, nka modulus ya elastique na coefficient de friction. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri rusange butuma ibikoresho byoroha, bikagabanya modulike ya elastique no kongera ubushyamirane, bityo hstereze ikiyongera. Ibinyuranye, ubushyuhe buke bushobora gutuma ibikoresho bikomera kandi bikagabanuka, bikagira ingaruka kuri hystereze muburyo butandukanye.
3. Ubushyuhe
- Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe igira ingaruka kumiterere yibikoresho, nka modulus ya elastique na coefficient de friction. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri rusange butuma ibikoresho byoroha, bikagabanya modulike ya elastique no kongera ubushyamirane, bityo hstereze ikiyongera. Ibinyuranye, ubushyuhe buke bushobora gutuma ibikoresho bikomera kandi bikagabanuka, bikagira ingaruka kuri hystereze muburyo butandukanye.
Ingaruka
Kubaho kwa hystereze muriibyuma byerekana imbaragaIrashobora gutera amakosa yo gupima, bigira ingaruka kumyizerere no kwizerwa bya sensor. Mubisabwa bisaba ibipimo bihanitse cyane, nko kugenzura neza inganda no kugenzura ibikoresho bikomeye byubuvuzi, hystereze irashobora gukurura amakosa akomeye yo gupimwa ndetse bigatuma na sisitemu yo gupima yose inanirwa. Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa no kugabanya ingaruka za hystereze nigice cyingenzi cyo kwemeza imikorere inoze kandi yuzuyeibyuma byerekana imbaraga.
Ibisubizo bya Hystereze mubitutu byumuvuduko:
Kugirango umenye ingaruka zishoboka zishoboka muri hystereze muriibyuma byerekana imbaraga, ababikora bafashe ingamba nyinshi zingenzi kugirango borohereze imikorere ya sensor:
- Guhitamo ibikoresho: Guhitamo ibikoresho bigira uruhare rukomeye muri hystereze. Kubwibyo, abayikora bahitamo neza ibikoresho byingenzi bikoreshwa mubwubatsi bwa sensor, nka diaphragms, kashe, no kuzuza amazi, kugirango barebe hystereze ntoya mubihe bitandukanye byakazi.
- Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza: Mugutezimbere imiterere yuburyo bwa sensor, nkuburyo, ingano, nubunini bwa diafragma, hamwe no guhitamo uburyo bwo gufunga, abayikora barashobora kugabanya neza hystereze iterwa no guterana amagambo, guterana neza, no guhindura ibintu.
- Kuvura gusaza: Ibyuma bishya byakozwe birashobora kwerekana hystereze yambere. Binyuzekuvura gusazana gahunda yihariye yo kwipimisha, ibikoresho birashobora kwihuta kugirango bihamye kandi bihuze, bityo bigabanye iyi hystereze yambere. Ishusho ikurikira irerekanaXDB305arimokuvura gusaza.
- Igenzura rikaze ry'umusaruro: Mugucunga neza kwihanganira ubuziranenge hamwe nubwiza mugihe cyibikorwa byakozwe, ababikora bakora ibishoboka byose kugirango sensor ikomeze kandi bigabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’umusaruro kuri hystereze.
- Iterambere ryambere hamwe nindishyi: Bamwe mubakora bakoresha tekinoroji yindishyi zikoranabuhanga hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo guhinduranya kugirango bagaragaze neza kandi bakosore hystereze mubisubizo bya sensor.
- Kwipimisha no gutanga amanota: Sensor zose zipimwa birambuye kugirango zisuzume ibiranga hystereze. Ukurikije ibisubizo byikizamini, sensor zashyizwe mu byiciro kugirango harebwe niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwihariye bwa hystereze bisohoka ku isoko.
- Igeragezwa ryihuse ryubuzima: Kugirango hamenyekane imikorere ihamye ya sensor mugihe cyateganijwe cyo kubaho kwabo, abayikora bakora ibyihuta byogusaza hamwe nibizamini byubuzima kuburugero kugirango barebe ko hystereze ikomeza kuba imipaka yemewe.
Izi ngamba zuzuye zifasha ababikora kugenzura neza no kugabanya ibintu bya hystereze muriibyuma byerekana imbaraga, kwemeza ko sensor zujuje ubuziranenge kandi bwizewe mubikorwa bifatika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2024